In the 1980s, personal computers allowed widespread creation of complex and elaborate Gantt charts. They were used in developing the First Five Year Plan, supplying Russian translations to explain their use. Gantt's collaborator Walter Polakov introduced Gantt charts to the Soviet Union in 1929 when he was working for the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy.
For many years, project managers used pieces of paper or blocks for Gantt chart bars so they could be adjusted as needed. The earliest Gantt charts were drawn on paper and therefore had to be redrawn entirely in order to adjust to schedule changes. One of the first major applications of Gantt charts was by the United States during World War I, at the instigation of General William Crozier. Gantt also frequently included graphics and other visual indicators in his charts to track performance. He designed this visualization tool to more easily measure productivity levels of employees and gauge which employees were under- or over-performing. Gantt originally created his tool for systematic, routine operations. The chart is named after Henry Gantt (1861–1919), who designed his chart around the years 1910–1915. These were also static representations of a planned schedule. Unlike later Gantt charts, Schürch's charts did not display interdependencies, leaving them to be inferred by the reader. The prior development leading to Schürch's work is unknown. It appears that Schürch's charts were not notable but rather routine in Germany at the time they were published. In 1912, Hermann Schürch published what would be considered Gantt charts while discussing a construction project. Adamiecki did not publish his chart until 1931, however, and only in Polish, which limited both its adoption and recognition of his authorship. The first known tool of this type was developed in 1896 by Karol Adamiecki, who called it a harmonogram. Historical development Īlthough widely used in project planning in the present day, Gantt charts were considered revolutionary when introduced. This method maximizes the float time available for all tasks. Gantt charts are usually created initially using an early start time approach, where each task is scheduled to start immediately when its prerequisites are complete. Gantt charts are sometimes equated with bar charts. Gantt charts can be used to show current schedule status using percent-complete shadings and a vertical "TODAY" line. Modern Gantt charts also show the dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities. Terminal elements and summary elements constitute the work breakdown structure of the project. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project. The width of the horizontal bars in the graph shows the duration of each activity. This chart lists the tasks to be performed on the vertical axis, and time intervals on the horizontal axis.
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule.
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